Concrete surfacing joint and means for and method of forming the same



Jan. 1, 1929.

' J. N. HELTZEL INT AND MEANS FOR CONCRETE kSURFAGINC: JO

AND METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME Filed Jan. 22, 1925 vwwntoz:

abbina! t J. N. HELTZEL CONCRETEMSURFACING JOINT AND MEANS FOR ANDMETHOD OF FORMING THE SAME Filed Jan. 22, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 1,1929.

al. d

Patented Jan. 1, 1929.

UNITED STATES JOHN N. HELTZEL,

coNonETn sURrAoING .ToIN'r| AND MEANS Fon AND METHOD or QFOBMING 'THESAME. y

AppIicaton led January similar surfacing structure) will, on accountl ofcontraction and expansion ywithl changes of temperature and on accountof the heaving and sinking of the ground or sub-base, crack or dividealong irregular lines and at irrefrular intervals, when the road islbuilt solid. The irregular breaking of the tconcrete is not onlyunsightly, but it frequently results 1n the disintegration of the roadto a very lnarkeddegree due to the breaking off'or ravelling of theconcrete along thebreaks orcracks. This makes the maintenance cost-ofthe road excessive, and also shortens the llfe of the road. Artificiallongitudinal joints are being used to some extent and with adegree ofsatisfactory results, although they are somewhat expensive to install asheretofore carried out. However, the practice of installing artificialtransverse joints has been practically abandoned, chiefiy on account ofthe almost physical impossibility of installingl such transverse jointsproperly. Hence,y it is the prevailing practice to allow the transversejointsor divisions to develop at random, causing irregular cracks acrossthe road resulting from the contraction of the concrete structure afterits final set.

The present invention contemplates they convenient and economicalproduction of both longitudinal and transverse joints in the road orconcret-e surfacing structure, whereby the joints or divisions andsections or slabs defined thereby are uniform and straight. The concreteis divided along definite or straight lines for a desired depth belowits upper surface, so that rectangular or other desired shapes of slabsor sections are defined, with the cracks or breaks between such sectionsor slabs located below the divisions, thereby obtaining straight linedivisions at the upper surface of the concrete and breaks below thesurface so that the adjacent sides or edge portions ofthe sectionsorslabs are flexibly interenga-ged, due to the irregular PATENT omer..

F WARREN, OHIO.

22, 1925. Serial No.l 3,972.

breaking of the concrete, to prevent the sections from being displacedvertically relatively to one another at the joints, but permitting thesections to have a slight exing movement relatively to one another, suchas when the sub-base or ground hea-ves or sinks owing to climaticchanges -or heavy loads. The joints thus present straight and regularlines at the upper surface of the concrete, so that the slabs orsections are of predetermined shape, and the sections or slabs arepoured solid or continuous. The breaking or cracking of the concrete,when hardened or finally set, occurs below the divisions made, so thatno irregular cracks appear at'the upper surface of the concrete, and sothat the cracking of the concrete at the joints will result in theadjacent sides or edges of the sections or slabs fitting togetherflexibly vand in such a manner, owing to the irregular breaking of theconcrete, to prevent the sections from being displaced verticallyrelatively to one another. sections Will remain flush with one another,even though the road may be raised or low. ered with the sub-base orground.

It is also an object of the invention to'form the joints after theconcrete or grout has been poured, so as to eliminate the necessity forplacing forms or joint members on the 'sub-` base or ground previous topouring the'concrete, thereby saving time and eliminating interferencewith pouring,and, furthermore, the joints can be madealong regular lineswith uniformity and precision. With this invention the longitudinaljoint of the road may also define or combine therewith a traflic linefor the purpose of dividing traffic movingin op osite directions.

l/Vith the foregolng and other objects in view, which will be apparentas the invention is more fullyunderstood,theinvention resides in thenovel features as hereinafter pointed out and claimed, it beingunderstood that changes can be made within the scope of what is claimedwithout departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the accom-A panying drawings, wherein-Figure lls a perspective vlew deplctlng the first step in forming onespecies of joint,

wi th the mandrel blade above lthe joint forming strip or sheet.

Fig. 2 is a crossjsection showing the strip Therefore, the uppersurfaces of the appliance for producing, in a different way,

bein forced down into the concrete by the i i road of six to nine inches1n thickness, the blade 21 extends about three inchesl below man relblade.

Fig. 3 is across section showing the strip completely Aforced down intothe concrete.

Fig. 4 is across section showing the completed joint. l Fig. 5 is aperspective view corresponding with Fig. l illust-rating the first stepin the production of a 'oint of another species, using a pre-formedjoint member or form.

' Fi 6 is a cross section showing thejoint mem er or form `forced downinto the concrete.

Fi 7 is a cross section showing the mandrel blade removed and a cap .andspreader bar or member inserted in the joint member.

Fi 8 is a cross section showing the com'- plete joint.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary plan view of the road constructed, using thejoint shown in Fig. 4 for the transverse joints, and the joint of Fig. 8for the longitudinal joint and trafficV Y l along ythe longitudinalmedian line of the line. v

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are cross-sections corresponding lwith Figs. 6, 7an-d 8 illustrating a modification wherein the upper portion of tlhejoint is widened to provide a broad trairic Figs. .13, 14 and 15 varecross sections corresponding with Figs. 6, 7 and 8 illustrating anothermodification.

Fig. 16p-is 'alperspective view showing an the jointv shown in Fig. 4.

Flg. 17 is a cross section of'said appliance illustrating the firststep, inthe method of producing the joint.

Fig. 18 is a similar cross section showing the strip or 4sheet beingforced .down and folded preparatory to entering the concrete.

Fig. 19 1s asimilar cross section showing the strip forced down into theconcrete.

Fig. 20 is a perspective view similar-to Fig. 16 illustrating almodified form of appliance, and Fi s. 21, 22 and 23 are cross sectionscorrespon ing with Figs. 17, 18 and 19 showing t the steps in theformation of the joint.

Fig. 24 is a cross section of other modified means for producing acombined joint and trafiicline, and Fig. 25 is a cross section of thecompleted joint and traffic line as formed thereby.

' F'g. 26 is a cross section showing still another means for obtaining acombined joint and traffic line, and Fig. 27 is a cross section of thecompleted joint and tra-fric line.

f Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3' and 4, the appliance or means used to formthe joint comlprises a'mandrel blade 21 of suitablelength and depth,having the outstanding flanges' 22 at its opposite sides, preferablyformed by securing angle irons to the upper edge portion of theblade.Theblade extends a suitable distance below the iia-nges 22, depending onthe depth of the division desired in the concrete'. In practice, with a.concrete the flanges 22 so as to cut substantially onehalf way throughthe concrete or less.

In carrying out the method, a stri or sheet 23 of water-proof paper,fabric, rub er, sheet metal, or other suitable easily-bendable material,is placed on the surface ofA the plastic" concrete 20 over the linewhere the joint is to be formed. The blade 21, which may bc fmanipulated by hand or operated by suitable j blade 21 is then forceddown, preferably with a Vibratory or jarring action, so-as to force theblade down into the concrete. The lower edge of the blade contacts withAthe strip 23 strip, therebyforcing the strip down into the concrete, andfolding the opposite wings or edge portions of the strip upwardlyagainst the opposite sides of the blade, as seen in Fig. 2. The strip isthus automatically folded along'its longitudinal center line with itsedges directed upwardly, and the folded strip l is shoved down into theconcrete with and on the mandrel. The strip should be of material thatwill bendor fold together when -pushed down into the plastic concrete bythe blade, the pressure of the lastic material against the oppositewings o the strip, when the strip is pushed down into .the concrete,folding the strip against the blade. Any stones, gravel l or other solidpieces in the grout lying in the .path of the blade 21 will be deflectedto one sid-e or the other as the blade is forced down,

and the vibrato'ry orjarring action of the blade will facilitate itsentry into the concrete. Theflanges 22 in reaching and coming intocontact with the surface of the concrete, as seen in-Fig. 3, will limitthe depression of the mandrel blade into the concrete, and, furthermore,said flanges will serve to level ot' and ta'mp the surface of theconcrete at the opposite sides of the division, so as to smooth down anyirregularities that'mayv have been formed by pushingthe strip or jointmember 23 into the concrete. This part of the formation of the joint isdone after the surface ofv the concrete has been, struck off and beforethe surface is finished. The blade 21 isthen lifted and removed from theroad, so as to be withdrawn from the joint. The strip` or member 23adheres at its outer surfaces to thel plastic' concrete, so as to remainin the concrete, while` the friction between' the strip and blade ismuch less, thereby permitting the blade to be withdrawn from the stripwithout the strip beinglifted or torn from -thecon' crete'. As soon` asthe bladeis withdrawn from the strip 23, the pressure of the Concreteagainst the opposite sides of the strip will press the wings or sides ofthe strip together, as seen in Fig. 4, thereby closing the 'crevice orslot previously occupied by the blade, and bringing the wings or sidesof the strip snugly together. The surface of the concrete is thenfinished, and this can be done over the joint without interference. Thejoint is finished by a jointing tool, which rounds the corners of the concrete along the edges of the joint, to prevent the edges fromravelling or breaking off. f

After the concrete has hardened, -the -contraction thereof will causethe concrete toA vbreak or crack, as at 24.-, below the strip or jointmember 23, thereby dividing the concrete into sections or slabs ofpredetermined shape, according to the arrangement of the joints. Thebreak `or fracture 24 below the doubled strip or joint member will beirregular, although it will not extend to the surface of the concrete.However. the irregularity of the break 24 will result in the adjacentsections or slabs being fitted toi,

- than forming irregular breaks or cracks along other lines. The wingsor sides of the strip' 23 adhering to the concrete and failing to adhere.to one another will maintain .the division or separation of theconcrete where said strip or joint member is inserted. The strip 23 ispreferably of thin material, so as to produce a hair-line crack or jointthat will Uv l f ference of the strip or joint member.

not be unsightly and which will be practically invisible exceptingwhenthe joint opens due to the contraction of the concrete. The strip orjoint member23 may also extend less or more than one-half of thedistance through l the concrete, as may be desired or necessary,

and may extend only one-third or one-fourth of the way down intotheconcrete'with the same results. When the strip or joint member is'forceddown into the concrete the concrete is simultaneously cut down from itssurface the corresponding distance. to define the sect-ions or slabs.Itis preferable, when forcing the strip 23 into'the concrete, to pushthe strip down sufficiently so that its edges are about one-eighth of aninch below the surface of Y the concrete. thereby permitting the surfaceto be finished off without the inter- The action of the flanges 22 willalso tamp or press down any high or raised portions along the oppositesides of the cut made in the concrete.

The several steps are accomplished quickly and conveniently, Iwithlittle time land expense, and the joint will be straight and accurate.

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 illustrate a modified method for obtaining amodified form of joint. The same or snmlar mandrel blade .21 is used,and the joint member or form tioned in said member 23a to bear at itslower edge in the bend of..said member. The

blade, with the member 23a thereon, is thenv 'i forced down into theconcrete' with a vibratory or jarringaction, while the concrete. isstill soft, the surface of the concrete having been struck 0H. Thememberhor form 23a4 is thus forced down into the concrete, therebyproducing the cut or division in the concrete extending to the desireddepth below the surface. The flanges 22 will press or level down anyraised portions or high spots in the surfacefof the concretalong theopposite edges of the cut made, and the memberorl form 23a is thuspositioned in the concrete along a definite line. The blade 21 is thenraised and removed, leaving the vmember or form 23a in place` A cap andspreader bar or member 25 is then inserted between the wings or sides ofthe member 23, as seen in Fig. 7, and is preferably flush -Withthe upperedges of said member. The sui-face of the concrete is then finished off,and the edges of the concrete are rounded 0H along the groove formed bythe member 23a, the l y' bar or member 25 preventing the concrete fromdropping down into the member as well as keeping the sides o1` wings ofsaid member spread apart. After the concrete has set, the bar 2'5 isremoved from the member or form 23a, after whichthe form or member 23 isremoved from the concrete, the removal of said member from the concretebeing facilitated by springing the wings or sides of 'said member towardone another. This leaves a V-shaped groove or slot 26 in the v concrete,and the'subsequ'ent contraction of `the concrete will result in thefracture or m0 lar form of the fracture or crack 24 will lock thesections against relative vertical displacement. In this type of joint,the doubled joint member or form 23a does not remain in 50 the form 23bisthen withdrawn from the conthe concrete, but is removed to provide agroove or space for the sealing` and trailic line member 27. j

Fig. 9.illustrates the use of the two species of joints hereinbeforedescribed in a road construction. Thus, the first described joints areusedrtransversely of the road at suitable intervals,.about fiftyfeetapart in practice,

x' and the seconddescribed joint is used along the-center line of theroad to produce a longitudinal division joint and trailic line. Thestrips or joint members 23 extend 'from the longitudinal joint andtraiiic line to the opvposite edges of the road, while the longitudinalcenter joint and traflic line may be continuous. u

Both the transverse as well as-'the longitudinal joints may be made bymachine, as well as by hand, such a machine being disclosed in thecopending application hereinbefore referred to, and in forming bothjoints it is preferable to vibrate or jar the mandrels when forcing themdown into the concrete.. The perfect alinement of the trans;

verse Aand longitudinal joints may be obtained, at-low cost. Thelongitudinal joint and traffic line, it will be apparent, is formed byforcing one'member or form 232 after the other in succession into theconcreteV following the machine which pours the concrete on thesub-base, the -members or forms 23EL being ten feet long and beingpositioned end to end as the road progresses. Said memf `bers 23a areused repeatedly, being removed yfrom the road after the concrete has setsuilivciently, as hereinbefore described. In the modification shown inFigs. 10, 11

i and 12, the-mandrel 21b has the opposite side flanges; 22", and thedoubledv joint. member or form 23b has its edge portions offset, as at28, away from one another. Said member or v'form 23b is thrust down intothe concrete,

l vand after the mandrel is removed, a cap and of the form or member 23bis positioned in the mouth within and between the offset portions 28,thereby keeping the sides or wings ofthe form 23b spread spreader strip25b apart and also closing said formto keep out concrete therefrom.After the concrete'has set suicientl the strip 25b is removed, and

crete, the `sides or wings thereof springing toward ,one another tofacilitate removal. This leaves .the 4groove.26b in the concrete with awide or. broad channel 29 at the sur- .'face of the concrete, and saidgroove andy .channel are filled with a suitable composition 27" to formthe joint seal and traffic vline'.

`such trafiic'line being broader than the one 'shown in Fig4 on accountof the widening Y' of the cut made in the concrete.

Figs. 13, 14 and 15 illustrate another-modl `iii'cation lin which themandrel 21's has a single l 6.",v wing flat and has the offset 28? atthe 2f, and the form 23c has one side or upper edge of its other sideorwing. After the form has been forced down into the concrete and themandrel is removed, a cap and spreader strip 25 is positioned betweenthe upper edges of the form. Said strip and form are removedA insuccession after the concrete has hardened, thereby providing the groove26e-and broad channel 29. In this construction the groove 26c is belowone edge of the channel. so that concrete may be used for the seal andtrafiic lin'e 27", it being noted that the crack 24 in the concrete willbe below one side of the seal and traiic line 27c so as not to fracturesame. If the sections or slabs separate up to the surface oftheconcrete, such 19 illustrate/a. modiline of the joint, the bars 30being supported l by hand or by machine or other mechanical mea-ns.Arches 32 are secured to the bars 30 and have `upstanding slotted guides33 in which the mandrel blade 21d is disposed when raised, and the blade21d has suitable means for depressing and raising it. As shown, the Ablade 21l has the upstandling arms34.

In using the appliance it is ositioned over the concrete along thedesire line, with the edges of the flanges 31 entering the concretetightly. The strip 22d is'then positioned on the bars 30, and may beslidlengthwise o-n said bars under the mandrel blade which is in raisedposition. The'mandrel blade is then moved downwardly, thereby forcingthe central portion of the sheet or strip 23'El down into the slotbetween the bars 30. and folding the strip to bring the opposite wingsor sides thereof against the sides of the` blade.. The strip is thusfolded or doubled before entering the concrete, and the blade movingdownwardly will force the strip into the concrete,

as seen in Fig. 19, afterwhich the blade is raised to retract it fromthe strip 23d. The appliance is then removed from' the concrete.` Byusing the bars 30 the strip is folded thereby, and this will reduce theagitation of the concrete at thejoint, assisted by the flanges 31betweeni-which the stripenters the concrete. The joint produced will bethe same as shown in Fig. 4, the edges of the flanges- 31 assisting inbevelli-ng the edges of the con'- crete along the'joint.

Figs. 20,21, 22 and 23 illustrate a modi-v fication of the applianceshown in Figs'. 16-19. The bars'30" have the flanges 31 and areconnected by upstanding slotted guides placed on the bars 30 under theraised blade 21. Said blade is then forced downwardly to fold the stripand force it downwardly between the flanges 31 into the concrete. Theblade 21 is forced downwardly by means of one ormore implements 33 thatarev used to receive the blows of a hammer or other driving implement,said implements 35 passing downwardly between the bars 30, as seen inFig. 23. The bars 30 can then be removed from the concrete, leaving theblade 21 in the strip 23 if desired, so that the blade lor bar 21 willform a part of the completed joint, or' said bladevmay be removedsubsequently when an open joint is desired.

Fig. 24 shows a mandrel blade 211- secured to one edge ofa form bar 22,and the blade 21t is used for forcing down a doubled strip or sheet 23finto the concrete. The bar 22 forms a channel 29f in the concrete at thesurface thereofat one side of the joint, and when the bar 22c and blade21f are withdrawn, the wings or sides of the strip 23t are pushedtogether. One edge of the strip is Hush with the bottom of the channel29 27f, which hardens, to form a broad trahc line located entirelyat'one side of the joint,

so that said traflic line will not be broken by the separation of thesections or slabs defined by the joint.

Fig. 26 shows the use of a mandrel 21g `of T-shaped cross section. Thedoubled paper or similar strip 23g is pushed down into the concretebelow the flanges-22g of the mandrel, and said ianges are pressed downinto the concrete to forma broad. channel 29g.

iiexible or yieldable material will not break above the joint, althoughthe joint may open below said traffic line.

When using the mandrels and channel producing members shown in Figs. 24and 26, after the mandrels andchannel forming members are removed fromthe concrete, the

' channels arepreserved by placingsuitable gether.

forms or bars therein, although the concrete presses the sides of thestrips 23t and 23g to- Such forms or bars are l removed after theconcrete has set sufficiently so that iiichannels can be filled with thematerials forming 'thetraic lines.

It is also possible to use the process and mandrel or cutter blade witha plastic-com-v position for producing the joint. Thus, by applying asuitable plastic composition or semi-solid material to the sides of theblade, such composition or material may be forced down into the plasticconcrete to produce the division in the concrete structure. SuchcompositionC or material should be such that it will not adhere to theblade if it is intended that the blade shall be removed, although, in

f the concrete will remain divided, and after becoming solid will crackbelow the strip of composition or material and incision or cutcontaining the same.

Having thus described the invention, what I claimed as new is 1. A jointof a concrete surfacing struclturecomprising a doubled strip embedded inthe concrete, with its sides bearing together from the bend to the edgesand its edges near v the surface of the concretell 2. A joint of aconcrete surfacing structure comprising a doubled 'strip embedded in theconcrete withits edges near the surface 0f the concrete, the concretehaving a channel therein extending along the edgesfofv said strip andwider than the width of said doubled strip, and material in said channelforming a traflic line.

3. A joint of a concrete surfacing structure comprising a doubled stripembedded in the concrete with its sides bearing together and its edgesnear the surface of the concrete, the concrete having a. channel in itssurface extending along the edges of said strip, and

material filling said channel and forming a traffic line.

comprising a doubled strip embedded in the concrete with its bend belowthe surface and above the bottom of the concreteand with its edges nearthe surface ofthe concrete, the concrete having a channel in its surfaceex,- tending .along the edges of-said strip and wider than the width ofthe doubled strip,- and material in said channel forming a traffic line.

5. A joint of a concreteisurfacing structure comprising a doubled stripembedded in the concrete with its bend below the surface and above thebottom of the concrete and with its edges near the surface of theconcrete, the sides of the strip bearing togetherthe concrete having achannel in its surface extending along the edges of said strip, andmaterial in said channel forming a tralic line.

6. The method of producing ajo-int in a i' the strip in the concretewith its edges near thesurface of the concrete.

8. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in forcing a blade, with a ldoubled strip thereon, down 1ntothe concrete after the concrete is in place and while it is plastic todivide the concrete, and withdrawing the blade to deposit the' stri inthe` concrete.-

9. The met od of producing a'v joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in forcingablade down into the concrete while plastic todivide the concrete, with a doubled strip on the blade having its bendbelow the lower edge of the blade and its sides at opposite sides of theblade, and then withdrawing the blade to deposit the strip in theconcrete.

10. The method of producing a joint in al concrete surfacing structureconsisting in forcing down into the concrete while plastic theintermediate portionof a bendable strip to double the strip and forceit, lbend lowermost, into the concrete.

11. Themethod of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in positionin crete whi e plastic and forcing theintermediateportlon of the strip down foremost with a blade, to doublethe strip on the blade and force the strip, bend lowermost, into theconcrete'.

12. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in forcing down into the concrete while plastic concrete athe intermediate portion of a bendable strip` with a blade, to doublethe strip on the blade and force the strip, bend, lowermost, into theconcrete, and then withdrawing the blade to permit the concrete to pressthe sidesgof the strip together. j Y f 13. The method of producingajoint in a concrete surfacing structure consistlng in substantiallysimultaneously doubling 4a strip and forcingtit, bend lowermost, downinto the er the concrete has been put in place and while it is stillplastic. v 14. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacingstructurejconsisting, with a single operation, in doubling a stripvandforcing it, bend lowermost, down into the i -;concrete after 'theconcrete has been put in place and while it is still plastic.

15.' The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in forcing a strip down into the concrete while plastic witha blade so as to double the strip a bendable strip above the con-- onthe blade and force the doubled strip, bend miv lowermost, with a singleoperation .into the l concrete. 16. The method of producing a joint in aconcrete surfacing structure consistin in forcing a blade, wlth materialthereon, own into the concrete after the concrete is in place and whileit is-plastic to divide the concrete, and Iwithdrawing the blade todeposit the material in the concrete.`

17. The method of producing a joint in a concret-e surfacing structure'consisting in4 forcing a blade, with material on o posite sidesthereof, down into the concrete a ter the concrete is in place andwhile'it is plastic to divide the concrete, and withdrawing the blade todeposit'the material in the concrete.

18. Means for producing a joint in-a concrete surfacing'structure whilethe concreteis plastic, including a -mandrel blade to be forced downinto` the plastic concrete and having portions at opposite sides to.come into contact with the surface ofthe concrete, and

.a doubled strip on said blade with its bend under the lower edge of theblade and itsv edges below said portions.

19.v Means for producin a jointin a con-- crete surfacing structure wile the concrete is plastic, includlng a mandrel blade to beforced downinto the plastic concrete and having opposite side flanges to come intocontact with the surfacel ofthe concrete, anda doubled strip on theblade with its bend under the concrete surfacing structure consistinglin forcing a strip down into the concrete after' the concrete is inplace and while it is plastic and depositing said strip in the concretecompletely below the surface of the concrete. 21. The method ofproducing a joint in a concrete surfacing structure consistin in forcinga blade with a 4strip thereon own into the concretel after the concreteis in place and while it is vlastic to brin the strip completely below te surface of t e concrete and to divide the concrete, and withdrawingthe blade to vdeposit the strip in the concrete.

22. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in producing a cut in the concrete after the concrete is inplace and while it is still plastic, and depositin material in the cutcompletely below the surace of the concrete.

v23. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in producing in the concrete, after the concrete is in'placeand while 'it is still plastic, a cut vextending from the upper surfaceof the concrete to a substantial depth and s aced above the sub-base ofthe concrete an depositing Alower edge of the blade and its edges at theopposite sides of the blade below said. flanges.

20. The method of producing a joint inal A 'below said cut While theconcrete is plastic and free to break When the concrete has hardened.

24. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in producing a cut in the concrete after the concrete is inplace and While it is still plastic,

and depositing a strip in said cut completely /belovv the surface of theconcrete.

25. The method of controlling the longitudinal and transverse breaks ofa concrete road consisting in producing longitudinal and transverse cutsin the surface of the concrete after the concrete is in place and Whileit is still plastic and depositing material in said cuts completelybelow the surface of the concrete to divide the concrete into slabs.

26. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in moving a blade in the plastic concrete to produce aseparation of the concrete, and using said blade to deposit jointproducing material in the concrete. i v

27. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in moving a blade in the plastic concrete to produce aseparation of the concrete, and using said blade to deposit a strip insaid separa-V tion of the concrete. f

28. -The method of producing a joint ina concrete surfacing structureconsisting in.

duce a separation of the concrete in combination with joint producingmaterial asso- 'ciatedwith said blade so that said material is depositedin said separation produced in the concrete.

29. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting vin moving a blade in the plastic concrete to produceseparation of the concrete, with a strip associated with the blade, lsothat said strip is deposited in said separation produced in theconcrete.

30. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing .structureconsisting in supplying joint producing material to a blade and movingthe blade in the plastic concrete to produce a separation of theconcrete, to deposit the material in said separation, and to remove theblade from said deposited ma- -terial.

31. The method of producing a joint in a concrete surfacing structureconsisting in supplying a strip to a blade and moving the blade in theplastic concrete to produce a separation of the concrete, to depositsaid strip in said separationv and ytoremove the blade from said strip.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

JOHN N. HELTZHEL.

